Plus, it doesn’t require you to do stringent credit history checking and debtor screening. You don’t need to be legally and financially proficient to succeed with this business model. While being a business loan broker gives you big commissions, local lead generation offers a simpler, more stable, and more profitable way to make money online in 2024. These values declined from a higher rate back in 2019. Only 23% apply for loans from alternative online lenders. In fact, in the Federal Reserve Banks' 2021 Small Business Credit Survey, 43% of small business owners still borrow money from large banks and 36% from small banks. ![]() It can offer a positive cash flow without using your own money. The alternative lending business model can make you sizable monthly revenue. And forwarding these leads to local business owners can make you 5 to 6 figures in passive income with this online business model. By creating local service sites that are organically ranked high on Google, you drive a sizable volume of leads. You don’t need to search for interested individuals to make significant monthly income because your target audience is ready to buy. Unlike the lending business industry, local lead generation is easy to set up and scale. However, this industry entails a meticulous startup process, financial proficiency, and in-depth knowledge of local laws and regulations. ![]() But because banks are getting stricter with the loan application process, many business owners are switching to alternative financing options like peer-to-peer lending and crowdfunding. This means that the industry will continue to grow as most small businesses recover from the COVID-19 pandemic. It focuses on the core components of a lending business, such as loan application, credit history checking, business funding, alternative lending options, and projected interest rates.Īccording to the Forbes Advisor April 2024 Survey, 42.4% of business loan applications in the U.S. ![]() This comprehensive business training system aims to help you scale your monthly revenue to 6-7 figures while working part-time or full-time. Business Lending Blueprint is a 6-module online course by Oz (Oguz) Konar that teaches entrepreneurs and business loan brokers effective ways to start and grow their lending businesses.
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![]() The fake Animal Crossing Moving Painting has a clear sky with no trees in the upper right corner. The fake Animal Crossing Jolly Painting does not have a flower in the bottom right corner, but the real version does. The Mona Lisa of fake Animal Crossing Famous Painting has excessively arched eyebrows.Ĭharacters in fake Animal Crossing Graceful Painting account for a larger proportion of the picture than genuine ones. The leaves of fake Animal Crossing Detailed Painting are purple, which the real version is blue. The fake Animal Crossing Basic Painting has a fuller fringe than the real version and covered the forehead, the ruddy cheek is also different. ![]() The fake Animal Crossing Amazing Painting left out the hat of the man in black in the center of the painting. The fake version of Animal Crossing Academic Painting seems to have left a coffee stain in the top right corner which is not present on the original. How to tell if an Animal Crossing Painting is fake? How to tell fake art in ACNH? Below is the list of Animal Crossing New Horizons Art, with the difference between fake and real art. Go to Animal Crossing Art Prices List at AKRPG Database, each painting or statue has two variations: face and real, you can check the difference between them. Fake artworks appear in New Horizons usually are different from those in previous games Fake artworks will have one or two odd details What you can do is find out what the painting looks like in real life and look for any differences. All of Animal Crossing Art is based on real paintings and statues that actually exist in real life. Not everything Redd sells is genuine art, so you need to tell which paintings are real and which ones are fake, the same goes for statues. How to Spot Fake Art in Animal Crossing New Horizons? Redd offers four pieces of art and two pieces of Animal Crossing furniture at a time, three of the four works offered may be genuine, but it is also possible for all four to be forgeries. During his first visit, Redd will sell a random, guaranteed-authentic painting for 4,980 ACNH bells. On the day when Redd first appears, Isabelle will inform the player there is a suspicious individual who has been recently reported on other islands nearby. Redd will visit your island randomly, approximately once every two weeks. Redd is a fox who will sell some artworks and rare furniture from his ship, known as Jolly Redd's Treasure Trawler. Each Animal Crossing painting or statue has a real and fake version for sale. On, you can check the full list of ACNH art items including paintings and statues with their Buy Price, Sell Price and Drop-Off Box Sell Price in the game with bells, as well as the instant trading price in real money, then choose the right time for purchasing or selling your Animal Crossing art. The real Animal Crossing art can be donated to museums and fake ones can’t, but you can also display your fake art on your island. ![]() Paintings and statues are both art pieces in Animal Crossing New Horizons, this type of ACNH item can be purchased from Jolly Redd, who sells genuine artworks and forgeries. So it’s important to tell if an Animal Crossing Painting or Statue is fake? Here we’ll take the explanation for how to spot fake art in Animal Crossing New Horizons from the difference. As you know, only genuine items can be used to expand the museum. Art in Animal Crossing is usually referenced from famous works in the real world, such as the Famous Painting. These supplies and a good drawing lesson or two should get you off to a solid start, but you do need to add one more thing. If you don’t have an art supply store nearby, here’s a list of online stores you can order free catalogs from.Īnd here’s a beginner’s shading lesson that shows you how to hold a pencil, make hatching, and shade a ball. ![]() Get both kinds if you can.)Ī small thick flat paintbrush for blending.Īnd some kind of box to keep your supplies in. (Either a rectangular eraser, or the “stick” kind that comes in a pencil shaped plastic holder. Here’s a basic drawing kit for beginners:įive grades of drawing pencils – 4B, 2B, B, 2H, 4H.Ī pencil sharpener that makes a long sharp point.Ī vinyl eraser. At first, your drawings might not be as good as you want them to be, but they will be if you just keep drawing no matter what. You CAN draw anything you can think of or dream of or see. Be fearless and draw things no one has ever drawn before, like how strawberries taste and how snow flakes feel when they land on your face.Draw humans, animals, Manga, plants, rocks, water, metal, monsters, alien worlds, cars, bikes, and your cousin.Draw with the tip of the pencil, draw with the side of the pencil, and then learn how to draw with the tip and the side in one swooping line.Draw tree bark, rocks, and other rough textures with 4B hatching, draw smooth textures like still water or metal with 4H hatching, and discover how the pencil grades effect texture.Draw from your imagination so you’ll learn to how to tell a story without words.In this sketchbook, you must draw all sorts of things in all sorts of ways. (I like Moleskine sketchbooks, but any type that appeals to you will work.) You can find sketchbooks with hard covers too. A pad of paper with a stiff back and spiral side or top that’s small enough to carry everywhere is perfect. It’s really important to draw in a sketchbook too. To draw, you have use pencils and erasers a lot to learn how to draw with them, so you need to draw as much as you can and as often as you can. To ride a bike, you have to be on the bike and learn how to balance and pedal yourself. You can’t be told how to balance on two wheels and push the pedals with your feet and expect to ride a bike without crashing. It’s a little like learning to ride a bike. Since your questions are similar, I’ll answer all of you at once.ĭrawing practice is the only real way to learn how to draw well. Lazy Lala, Angelo, Montserrat, JVC Carolina, & ola, I hatched in a rough background because I needed a dark value to relate the values of her face to in the next step. But we’re not machines, so there will always be some variance between our drawings and reality. If you don’t, the following layers of the drawing will be wrong, too, and harder to correct. The first few lines of a drawing are always challenging, and it’s essential to get them right. Cat Sketch Step Two – Hatch In The Background Something in our nature makes us want to draw faces “straight” even if they’re angled. This is a common mistake and makes a skewed-looking drawing. ![]() Her face is angled, and I caught myself trying to draw three different parts of it straight. If you plot one thing well, you can base all the other measurements on it. If you want to be highly accurate, take measurements with your pencil and thumb of different parts of the scene and carefully transfer them to the paper. It’s like drawing using a frame, only you just imagine the frame. Then I draw everything that belongs in the box … in the box! I always start by measuring how wide and tall the main part of the subject is with the tip of my pencil and my thumb, and then I make a box. Cat Sketch Step One – Block In The Cat’s Face These are Windows 7 drivers, but work just fine with Windows 10. I hope you didn't throw it away! The drivers you need are the Legacy Keyboard 5.0, and they're here in the M-Audio thingy: I was installing drivers on my new computer and found this thread. Music & Production r/AdvancedProduction, r/AudioEngineering, r/EDMproduction, r/MakingHipHop, r/TechnoProduction, r/SynthRecipes, r/LearnMusic, r/WeAreTheMusicMakers Hardware & Software r/MusicBattlestations, r/SynthDIY, r/DIYGear, r/Modular, r/CheapKeys, r/DIYSynth, r/VSTi, r/SoftSynths, r/iPadMusic, r/MaxMSP, r/GuitarPedals, r/32kHz, r/SynthDeals, r/Eurorack, r/VCVrack, r/SynthBass When appropriate, users may be asked to resubmit their discussion topic with a more neutral tone. Support the people that make all of this possible.ĪPPROACH CONTROVERSIAL TOPICS WITH CARE - Discussion posts that are inflammatory, aggressive, or otherwise likely to provoke flame wars, intentionally or not, will be removed at the moderators’ discretion. If you use our community to encourage any sort of IP theft you will be banned, no questions asked. Posts that contain insults, attacks, or conspiracy theories based on your opinion of the value of gear will be deleted. NO PRICE SHAMING - Some equipment doesn’t cost much, some costs a lot. Posts lacking a comment will be automatically removed after 1 hour. “Here is a track I made” or "look at my new synth" is not sufficient since the point is to encourage discussion. LEAVE A COMMENT ON LINK/PHOTO/VIDEO POSTS - Link, photo, and video posts must include a meaningful comment by the OP. Posts violating the spirit of this rule may be removed at the moderators discretion. NO LOW-EFFORT CONTENT - Low-effort content includes: memes, jokes, pictures of boxes/receipts/shipping notifications, pictures of gear without explanation, self-promotion without participation, etc. If you are not willing to field questions then your post will be removed. ![]() If you are the manufacturer or developer of a commercial product, please message the mods before posting, but we will usually allow new product promotion as long as you stay to answer questions.ĪNSWER QUESTIONS ABOUT YOUR OWN CONTENT - Links to streams of your music are allowed only if you intend on fielding questions about your production and your use of synthesizers in your music. Links to uncommonly great specials/deals are allowed. NO SALES POSTS - Sale/trade/buy posts are not allowed. ![]() Fair warning to all: racism, sexism, hate speech, political intolerance regardless of viewpoint (especially any witch-hunting or brigading), deadnaming, or harassment of any sort will result in an instant and permanent ban. ![]() NO PERSONAL ATTACKS - Please keep comments constructive! Personal attacks, insults, and bad faith criticism of users equipment or music will not be tolerated. ![]() We don’t want to withhold these from you, and therefore you can find these packs in a separate category on our website. Already when the official name was Minecraft PE, there were free MCPE texture packs. A prerequisite is that you use the same Microsoft account.įortunately, there is a cool way to get free texture packs exclusively for Windows 10/11, iOS, and Android. In plain language, this means that if you bought a Texture Pack on a mobile device, you can use it also with your game console. But the cross-platform availability is an advantage. This is a bad thing because you have to spend Minecoins for each pack, which you can only get with real money. On some consoles, like PlayStation 4/5, you are unfortunately completely bound to the Marketplace. The sales platform is there so that the creators can earn some money with their work. Right from the start, the Marketplace has been integrated, offering skin packages, worlds, mashup packages, and texture packs. In contrast, the situation is slightly different with the Bedrock Edition. However, there are of course some exceptions, but as a PC gamer, you should not pay attention to them. Therefore, it is still common practice that the game textures are gratis for Java Edition. They just had fun editing textures, and nobody thought about charging money for it back then. ![]() This fact is due to the fact that already since the Alpha version, some players published their creations for free on the internet. With Minecraft texture packs, it’s different, because most of them don’t cost money. Most of the time in life, really great things are very expensive. We personally prefer to use the older name, because it is still widely used in the community and arouses nostalgia. In the meantime, the new structure does not cause any more problems. This change was very serious at that time because suddenly some texture packs were no longer compatible with the new Minecraft version. Furthermore, the complete structure of the file has also been revised. ![]() Roughly speaking, the biggest difference is that resource packs can also be used to customize the Minecraft sounds. The renaming was done because resource packs have even more functions. Both names exist because until the full version 1.6 the name texture packs was used for resource packs. Colloquially, both terms mean the same thing, but technically, the differences are clear. What is the Difference between Resource Packs and Texture Packs?įor many, these two terms cause confusion. Whatever the reason may be, texture packs for Minecraft and game modifications are a great way for players to experience the game in a slightly different way than the developers intended. With the modifications Minecraft texture packs offer, your gameplay can look different every time you play. You can also add elements that make it visually different so that you’re not experiencing the same thing every day. With Minecraft texture packs, players are able to make their gameplay easier or more difficult, depending on the type of pack installed. To Change it Up: After playing a game for a long time, it is easy to get bored with the same mechanics and visuals.There are cursed texture packs that change the most obscure elements of the game, just because. Why would you need to make your character a thousand times bigger? It doesn’t matter. Some packs are made and used that have no real purpose and can sometimes greatly hinder gameplay. For Fun: Sometimes modifications can simply be for fun.This can include texture packs to change the colors for the color blind or special packs for those with difficulty seeing properly in the dark. ![]() Accessibility: While most people take for granted their ability to see and operate their game without modifications, the visually disabled or those with processing disorders may need to make some alterations to participate.That being said, there are various reasons to modify your experience using Minecraft texture packs, including: Sometimes, when playing a game that is designed to give you unlimited tasks and world-building abilities, spicing it up with mods and changes can keep things fun and interesting for more extended periods of time between expansion packs and DLC. Posts about bans or report feedback are not allowed, unless they serve a clear greater purpose. ![]() Starting on Saturday at 00:00 UTC to Sunday 23:59 UTC. Memes are only allowed during the weekend. Violating this rule may result in a permanent ban without warning. No Terms and Agreements violationsĪvoid publicizing information not meant to be public or (encourage) violating any agreements with Epic Games, Psyonix or other platforms.Īdditionally, discussions, links, or information about cheats, exploits and piracy are strictly prohibited. Posts and comments that could result in you or people you are affiliated with gaining subscribers, followers, ad revenue etc. Self-promotion on the subreddit is only allowed if you meet certain requirements. Meme posts have room for leniency Posts must be flaired correctly. Karma-seeking, clickbait, or self-deprecating titles are not permitted. Avoid excessively short, long, or nondescript titles. Titles should accurately reflect the post's topic with reasonable length. Use screen-capture software or your device’s sharing features to high quality and cropped screenshots/videos. Screenshots of in-game achievements/results/item drops are not allowed without a greater purpose. Use available resources or pinned posts to find answers before posting. Generic statements, “shitposts”, rants and low-quality submissions may be removed. Avoid Low Effort & Duplicate ContentĪvoid low-effort and repetitive submissions. Posts containing toxic behavior are only allowed if they serve a greater purpose and if all usernames are censored. ![]() Publicly shaming, “witch hunting”, or accusing individuals is not allowed. Behavioral guidelinesĪvoid spam, harassment, insults, encouragement of harm, hate speech and discrimination, even if it is in a joking manner. Posts that are only tangentially linked, via title or content, will be removed under this rule. All submissions must directly pertain to Rocket League, off-topic comments, inappropriate, political and unrelated content is not allowed. This subreddit is exclusively for content related to Rocket League. ![]() That means different parts of your income gets taxed a different rate.įor example, if you’re a single tax filer who made $60,000 in 2023, you’ll pay a 10% tax on the first $11,000 you made, 12% of the amount ranging from $11,001 to $47,150 and 22% on the remaining income up to $60,000 when you file in 2024. The federal government breaks your income into chunks, and you pay a marginal tax rate for each chunk. $172,623.50 plus 37% of the amount over $578,100Ĭontrary to popular belief, being in a tax bracket doesn’t mean you pay a flat percentage on your total income. Head of household 2024 federal income tax brackets Tax rate 2024 federal income tax brackets Tax rate ![]() However, you won’t pay a 22 tax rate on the entirety of your 90,000 taxable. Based on the tax brackets, you’ll fall under the third tax bracket for taxable incomes between 44,725 and 95,375, which has a tax rate of 22. ![]() $93,300.75 plus 37% of the amount over $346,875 Let’s say for the 2023 tax year (filing for 2024), you earned a taxable income of 90,000, and you filed as single. Married filing separately 2024 federal income tax brackets Tax rate $174,238.25 plus 37% of the amount over $578,125Ģ023 federal income tax brackets Tax rate If you are in the second federal bracket, with an annual income of 90,000, you would pay the same 15 on their first 49,020 in earnings. $16,290 plus 24% of the amount over $95,375 What are the federal tax brackets in Canada for 2021. $5,147 plus 22% of the amount over $44,725 Standard DeductionThe standard deduction reduces a taxpayer’s taxable income by a set amount determined by the government.It was nearly doubled for all classes of filers by the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act as an incentive for taxpayers not to itemize deductions when filing their federal income taxes.and Personal Exemption. Single 2024 federal income tax brackets Tax rate All international money transfer services. Nintendo sweetened the pot at the start of year two, adding SNES games to the program. For the first year of the service, Nintendo gave subscribers a steadily growing list of NES games. One of the major perks of the Switch Online program is the library of free classic games. Subscribers get access to classic NES and SNES games Image used with permission by copyright holder After six months, they’ll be deleted entirely. Once your subscription lapses, you won’t be able to access your cloud saves. Cloud saves can disappear after your subscription lapsesĪs a feature exclusive for Switch Online subscribers, it makes sense that cloud saves won’t last forever if you cancel your subscription. ![]() In a game like Dark Souls, in which it autosaves pretty much after you do anything, reverting to a previous save from the cloud could potentially undermine the developer’s design.įor more details about which games work with cloud saves, check out the official Nintendo website. Nintendo doesn’t want cloud saves to disrupt competitive rankings. Nintendo has said that this is to maintain competitive balance in games like Let’s Go and Splatoon 2. For instance, Animal Crossing: New Horizons, Pokémon Let’s Go, Splatoon 2, Dark Souls Remastered, and Dead Cells do not support cloud saves. ![]() With a Nintendo Switch Online subscription, you can back up your saves to the cloud, ensuring that you won’t lose progress even if your console breaks.Ĭloud saves work with most Switch games, but there are a few outliers. If your console died, well, you were out of luck. One of the biggest knocks on the Switch since launch was that there was no method for backing up your saves. Adds the ability to save to the cloud Image used with permission by copyright holder Since this is a cumbersome solution, we recommend using Discord or a different communication app that you probably have already. Fortnite, again, is the exception to this rule, as it allows voice chat on the console itself. Yes, it’s annoying to have to use two devices to take part in a traditional online multiplayer experience, but we don’t make the rules. If you want to talk to your friends while playing online games, you need the Nintendo Switch Online mobile app, which is available for both iOS and Android. You need to use the Nintendo Switch Online smartphone app to chat Those without a subscription can still use the Switch’s Local Wireless Play feature between two Switch consoles, with up to three players on each console. Nintendo Online is only needed for multiplayer over the internet, however. Other free-to-play games like Rocket League can be played without a paid Switch membership. The one major exception is Fortnite, which can be played online without a subscription. Now, you have to have a subscription to use the online features of first-party Nintendo games and most third-party games. ![]() ![]() Nintendo Switch Online is (mostly) required for online multiplayer Image used with permission by copyright holderīefore Switch Online launched, Nintendo offered free online multiplayer for games like Splatoon 2 and Mario Kart 8 Deluxe. Prepaid scratch-off cards can also be purchased at participating retailers for one-year Nintendo Switch Online memberships, as well. Keep in mind that subscriptions automatically renew unless you opt out in the eShop menu. Nintendo Switch Online is accessible via the orange navigational menu when you first open the storefront. Essentially, you and seven friends can get access to all Nintendo Switch Online features for less than $5 a piece.īoth subscription types are available for purchase on the Nintendo Switch eShop. You can create a family group on the Nintendo Account website. To take advantage of this bulk subscription, you need to be linked to a family group. PS5 themes: Can you customize your homescreen?įamily subscriptions, meanwhile, cost $35 per year. Mother 3 is finally on Nintendo Switch … but only in Japan The most common Xbox Series X problems and how to fix them Download Mobile Legends Bang Bang for Android.Download Adobe Flash Player for Windows. ![]() Drawing a parallel between life and a bleak day works out well where the ‘vine’ symbolises ‘thoughts’ and ‘dead leaves’ are helpless as is the lost youth. How often has one come across a Longfellow poem that speaks of hope and optimism after taking us through gloomy lanes and cloudy circumstances? Relatively young at the time of this publication, the poet prefers the lines to be conveyed from the viewpoint of an old, ageing person pondering over his past and youth. My thoughts still cling to the mouldering Past,īut the hopes of youth fall thick in the blast,īehind the clouds is the sun still shining The vine still clings to the mouldering wall, Keeping in mind his inclination to romantic and sentimental works, he is aware of what he is best at. The poet is quite brave in pulling this off. A vivid imagery towards the end where ‘the moonlight is perceived to be a bridge’ turns out to be the icing on the cake. Quite strange it appears, yet the mention of ‘unseen planet’ and ‘ undiscovered planet’ further stress that uncanny forces may have had some role in the choices we make in this real world. ![]() ![]() The salient feature of this discussion is the gradual shift from after-world powers to how they govern the ambitions and aspirations of mortals. But then subtlety takes over and the reader is introduced to how psychic phenomena and worldly desires may go hand in hand. Written at a time when he was already renowned, Longfellow showcases his brilliance and versatility in what seems a ghostly poem at first. _Wander our thoughts above the dark abyss. O’er whose unsteady floor, that sways and bends, _A bridge of light, connecting it with this, So from the world of spirits there descends _Throws o’er the sea a floating bridge of light,Īcross whose trembling planks our fancies crowd _And the more noble instinct that aspires.Ĭome from the influence of an unseen star,Īnd as the moon from some dark gate of cloud The struggle of the instinct that enjoys, Wafts through these earthly mists and vapors dense _Floats like an atmosphere, and everywhere The spirit-world around this world of sense _And hold in mortmain still their old estates. We have no title-deeds to house or lands įrom graves forgotten stretch their dusty hands, _The forms I see, nor hear the sounds I hear Is thronged with quiet, inoffensive ghosts, There are more guests at table, than the hosts We meet them at the doorway, on the stair, _With feet that make no sound upon the floors. The harmless phantoms on their errands glide, ![]() (Read an excellent essay on The Wreck of the Hesperus here)Īll houses wherein men have lived and died For simplicity and convenience, I have stuck to his English poems that run not more than 60 lines. It is an uphill task to compile his best ten, since many of his celebrated pieces like Paul Revere’s Ride, The Song of Hiawatha, Evangeline – A Tale of Acadie, The Wreck of the Hesperus, The Building of the Ship and My Lost Youth are long. With numerous translations from various languages, such as Spanish, German, and Italian, his popularity was perhaps something that any poet could only dream of. From being a cornerstone of American poetry and culture to being the most widely read poet in his lifetime, he dared to establish this very fact that Romanticism wasn’t confined to Europe (or British poets to be precise). Picking just 10 is a tricky equation when it concerns the works of a poet as prolific as Longfellow. Before television, radio, and film, he rose to become not just the leading poet and literary figure of 19th-century America, but also an American icon and household name.ġ0 Greatest Poems by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow He served as a professor at Harvard University and was an adept linguist, traveling throughout Europe and immersing himself in European culture and poetry, which he emulated in his poetry. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (born Febru– died March 24, 1882) was an American poet of the Romantic period. P block is the last 6 groups of the periodic table non metals, metalloids, and post-transition Melting and boiling point due to weak metallic bonding. These are reactive metals with high ionization enthalpies, having a low The S block elements are highly reactive as the S orbital can only The S block contains group 1 and group 2 and Helium, they’re metals known as alkali metalsĪnd alkaline earth metals. The blocksĮxplain the electronic configuration of the elements as well as their chemical properties. Elements within these blocks areĬategorised in accordance with the orbital occupied by the outermost electron. The periodic table is split into 4 blocks S,P,D and F. Organisation in the table, and allows understanding of chemical reactions in elements.įigure 1: Periodic Table (Free Printable periodic tables (pdf and PNG) 2023)Įxplain the significance of the S, P and D blocks in the periodic table. The element properties, the groups are named, allowing there to be categorising and The overall significance of the main groups and number of the periods is the predictability of Less reactive as it is harder to remove 18 electrons than 1. Highly reactive, it has 1 electron in the outer shell, the noble gases having 18 electrons makes it The group begin with group 1 being alkali metals and ending with noble gases at 18. The ability to readily loose theĮlectrons on the shell contribute to the chemical reactions. The number of shells occupied determineĮach elements atomic radius, its reactivity and ionisation energy. In the outermost shell shows which group it is in. The period number is the number of shells around the nucleus, the number of electrons The periodic table gives an atoms electron configuration based upon its location within the The groups run in vertical columns from 1 to 18.Įlements are put in order of their atomic number, meaning elements with similar propertiesĪppear in the same vertical column or group, properties such as melting point, melting point,ĭensity, and hardness. Horizontal rows and are numbered 1 down to 7. Predicted in the elements thus predicting reactions between each element. The position of the elements within the table enables properties to be predicted. The valence electrons are held closer towards the nucleus of the atom.Bethan White | Unit 8 | 15/11/ Contents PageĮxplain the significance of the main groups and numbering of the periods. This means that the nucleus attracts the electrons more strongly, pulling the atom's shell closer to the nucleus. The effect of increasing proton number is greater than that of the increasing electron number therefore, there is a greater nuclear attraction. ![]() However, at the same time, protons are being added to the nucleus, making it more positively charged. This is because, within a period or family of elements, all electrons are added to the same shell. Atomic radius patterns are observed throughout the periodic table.Ītomic size gradually decreases from left to right across a period of elements. The covalent radii of these molecules are often referred to as atomic radii. Nevertheless, it is possible for a vast majority of elements to form covalent molecules in which two like atoms are held together by a single covalent bond. Some are bound by covalent bonds in molecules, some are attracted to each other in ionic crystals, and others are held in metallic crystals. However, this idea is complicated by the fact that not all atoms are normally bound together in the same way. The atomic radius is one-half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms (just like a radius is half the diameter of a circle). This is caused by the increase in atomic radius. Electron affinity decreases from top to bottom within a group.This is caused by the decrease in atomic radius. Electron affinity increases from left to right within a period.This causes the electron to move closer to the nucleus, thus increasing the electron affinity from left to right across a period. Moving from left to right across a period, atoms become smaller as the forces of attraction become stronger. With a larger distance between the negatively-charged electron and the positively-charged nucleus, the force of attraction is relatively weaker. This means that an added electron is further away from the atom's nucleus compared with its position in the smaller atom. ![]() \( \newcommand\): Periodic Table showing Electron Affinity TrendĮlectron affinity generally decreases down a group of elements because each atom is larger than the atom above it (this is the atomic radius trend, discussed below). |
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